771 research outputs found
A framework for Thinking about Distributed Cognition
As is often the case when scientific or engineering fields emerge, new concepts are forged or old ones are adapted. When this happens, various arguments rage over what ultimately turns out to be conceptual misunderstandings. At that critical time, there is a need for an explicit reflection on the meaning of the concepts that define the field. In this position paper, we aim to provide a reasoned framework in which to think about various issues in the field of distributed cognition. We argue that both relevant concepts, distribution and cognition, must be understood as continuous. As it is used in the context of distributed cognition, the concept of distribution is essentially fuzzy, and we will link it to the notion of emergence of system-level properties. The concept of cognition must also be seen as fuzzy, but for different a reason: due its origin as an anthropocentric concept, no one has a clear handle on its meaning in a distributed setting. As the proposed framework forms a space, we then explore its geography and (re)visit famous landmarks
La théorie des systèmes développementaux et la construction sociale des maladies mentales
Dans ce texte, nous proposons un cadre, qui vise à intégrer les contributions des approches constructionnistes et biologiques dans un domaine précis, celui des maladies mentales. Pour ce faire, nous utiliserons quelques propositions récentes faites par des philosophes de la biologie — plus spécifiquement les idées avancées par les tenants de la « théorie des systèmes développementaux » (TSD dans ce qui suit ; Griffiths et Gray, 1994 ; Griffiths et Stoltz, 2000 ; Oyama, 1999) ainsi que la notion d’« enracinement génératif » (generative entrenchment ; Wimsatt, 1986, 1999, 2000).In this paper, we are proposing a framework to integrate the core insights of the constructivist and biological approaches of mental illness. In order to do so, we will use some recent propositions by philosophers of biology, specifically ideas put forth by «developmental system theory» (Griffiths et Gray 1994, Griffiths et Stotz 2000 ; Oyama 1999) and the notion of «generative entrenchment» (Wimsatt 1986, 1999, 2000)
Les facteurs influençant le choix de fréquenter un collège privé ou public [rapport final]
Rapport final d'un projet de recherche financé par l'Association des collèges privés du Québec (ACPQ) dans le cadre du programme de recherche et d’expérimentation pédagogique (PREP) et appuyé par la Fédération des établissements d'enseignement privé (FEEP)
Étude comparative des facteurs influençant les élèves du secondaire privé à choisir un collège privé ou public pour la suite de leurs études
Rapport final d'un projet de recherche financé par l'Association des collèges privés du Québec (ACPQ) dans le cadre du programme de recherche et d’expérimentation pédagogique (PREP) et appuyé par la Fédération des établissements d'enseignement privé (FEEP).Comprend des références bibliographiques
Évaluation de la qualité de vie et des besoins des personnes itinérantes atteintes de troubles mentaux graves : perceptions d’une équipe itinérance-outreach
Ce projet, mis sur pied par l'Ă©quipe itinĂ©rance-outreach du CLSC des Faubourgs Ă l'automne 1998, Ă©tudie comment les membres de cette Ă©quipe perçoivent l'impact de leur intervention clinique auprès des personnes itinĂ©rantes atteintes de troubles mentaux. Un Ă©chantillon de convenance (n=52) a Ă©tĂ© sĂ©lectionnĂ© Ă partir de la clientèle de l'Ă©quipe. Les besoins de la clientèle ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©s Ă l'aide du Camberwell Assessment of Needs (CAN-F, Phelan et al., 1995). La qualitĂ© de vie a Ă©tĂ© mesurĂ©e Ă deux reprises, Ă l'aide du Questionnaire de la qualitĂ© de vie du Wisconsin (Version intervenant ; Becker et al., 1993). L'Ă©tude dĂ©montre que l'intervention clinique est associĂ©e Ă une amĂ©lioration de la qualitĂ© de vie des itinĂ©rants souffrant de pathologies mentales graves et ce, malgrĂ© l'existence de multiples autres besoins non comblĂ©s. L'Ă©tude suggère que la dĂ©marche de l'Ă©quipe itinĂ©rance-outreach touche les aspects cliniques et s'associe Ă l'amĂ©lioration des problèmes sociaux des personnes itinĂ©rantes atteintes de troubles mentaux graves.Assessment of quality of life and needs of homeless mentally ill people: perceptions of an outreach teamThis project established by an outreach team from the CLSC des Faubourgs in autumn 1998, studies how the members of this team perceive the impact of their clinical intervention with homeless people suffering of severe mental illness. A convenience sample (n=52) was selected within the team's clientele. The clientele's needs were evaluated with the Camberwell Assessment of Needs (CAN-F, Phelan et al., 1995). Quality of life was measured twice with the Wisconsin Quality of Life Questionnaire (Becker et al., 1993). The project shows that clinical intervention is associated with an improvement in quality of life of severely mentally ill homeless people and this despite the existence of numerous other needs that are not met. The study suggests the work done by the outreach team touches the clinical aspects and is associated with the improvement of social problems of severely mentally ill homeless people.EvaluaciĂłn de la calidad de vida y de las necesidades de las personas itinerantes afectadas por desĂłrdenes mentales graves: percepciones de un equipo itinerancia-outreachEste proyecto, puesto en marcha por el equipo itinerancia-outreach del CLSC des Faubourgs en el otoño 1998, estudia cĂłmo los miembors de este equipo perciben el impacto de sus intervenciones clĂnicas con las personas itinerantes afectadas por desĂłrdenes mentales. Un muestreo de conveniencia (n=52) fue seleccionado entre la clientela del equipo. Las necesidades de la clientela fueron evaluadas con la ayuda del Camberwell Assessment of Needs (CAN-F, Phelan Y al.,1995) En dos ocasiones, la calidad de vida fue medida con ayuda del Cuestionario de la calidad de vida de Wisconsin (VersiĂłn trabajador que interviene; Becker Y al., 1993) El estudio demuestra que la intervenciĂłn clĂnica está asociada a un mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de los itinerantes que sufren de patologĂas mentales graves, y eso a pesar de la existencia de otra serie de necesidades no satisfechas. El estudio sugiere que el trabajo del equipo itinerancia-outreach aborda los aspectos clĂnicos y se asocia al mejoramiento de los problemas sociales de las personas itinerantes que sufren de desĂłrdenes mentales graves
Comparative effectiveness of cardioprotective drugs in elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Aims: Although many elderly individuals suffer from type 2 diabetes, the effectiveness of cardioprotective drugs in primary prevention of cardiovascular events in
clinical practice in this population has rarely been evaluated. We aimed to assess
the effectiveness of, (i) angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin
receptor blockers, (ii) statins, (iii) antiplatelet drugs and (iv) the combination of
these three drugs, in the prevention of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke in
elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Using Quebec administrative
databases, we conducted nested case-control analyses among a cohort of 17,384
individuals without a history of cardiovascular disease. Individuals were aged
≥ 66 years, newly treated with oral antidiabetes drugs and had not used any of
the three above classes of cardioprotective drugs in the year before cohort entry.
For each case (MI/stroke during follow-up), five controls were matched for age,
year of cohort entry and sex. Use of each drug and of their combination was
defined as current, past or no use. We calculated adjusted odds ratios (AOR) of
MI/stroke. Results: We observed no reduction in the MI/stroke risk for users of
ACEI/ARB nor for users of the three drugs combination. Longer exposure to statins
was associated with a lower risk (AOR for every 30 days of therapy: 0.97; 95%
CI: 0.96–0.99). By contrast, current use of antiplatelet drugs was associated with
an increased risk of MI/stroke (1.40; 1.12–1.75). Conclusion: The benefit of cardioprotective drugs in primary prevention was not clear in this cohort of elderly
individuals with type 2 diabetes. A short duration of exposure to these drugs
might explain the lack of benefit
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